实验课课堂教学有效性的组织策略

本文从教学的有效性理论出发，通过分析，给出了在实验课课堂教学中实行滚动式、分层次教学的可行性分析，给出了具体的组织管理细节。讨论了以实验课为试点的优势及其可行性方案。     

一种消除直线永磁无刷直流电机边端效应对换相时机影响的方法

电磁弹射用直线永磁无刷直流电机的永磁体动子具有开断结构,使动子边端的磁场分布发生变形。当采用霍尔元件检测磁场实现换相时,这种边端效应就会影响换相时机。分析了这类电机的换相机理和动子开断结构对换相时机的影响,指出这类边端效应受极弧系数影响显著,并提出了利用不对称滞环比较器或简易单限比较器对霍尔输出信号进行处理从而消除这类边端效应影响的方法,实验验证了简易单限比较器方案的可行性。     

片体干扰对三体船附加质量和附加惯性矩的影响研究

基于三维Rankine源方法,进行三体船附加质量和附加惯性矩计算,分析了片体干扰对三体船附加质量和附加惯性矩的影响,为三体船操纵性预报奠定基础.通过对圆球、椭球附加质量和附加惯性矩的计算,以及对三体船附加质量和附加惯性矩定性规律的分析,说明了文中方法的可靠性.研究表明,片体干扰对三体船附加质量和附加惯性矩有一定影响,但并不十分明显,且这种影响随着间距的增大很快衰减.     

The Economic Consequences of the Libyan Spring: A Synthetic Control Analysis

Abstract

In 2011 a wave of revolutionary movements, the so-called Arab Spring, spread in the Middle East and North Africa. Libya was one of the most affected countries, ending Gaddafi’s dictatorship after an international intervention and a civil war. This paper assesses the effects that this revolution had on Libyan economy. The analysis is made by means of the synthetic control method. Our estimates for the 2011–2014 period show (i) a cumulative loss in the growth rate of per capita real GDP of 64.15%; (ii) a cumulative loss in per capita real GDP of 56,548 dollars; and (iii) a cumulative loss in the aggregate real GDP of 350.5 billion dollars.     

伺服系统速度环控制器参数的自整定及优化

针对交流伺服系统速度环控制器参数自整定及优化的需求,为使工程技术人员避免繁琐的调参过程,提出了一种基于转动惯量辨识的速度环控制器参数自整定及优化方法。首先,采用频率法分析伺服系统速度环控制器参数的设计规则;随后,采用遗忘因子递推最小二乘法,对控制器参数设计所需的系统转动惯量进行辨识;最后,在此基础上利用设计的变步长迭代算法,完成控制器参数寻优过程。仿真结果表明,采用遗忘因子递推最小二乘法,能够有效辨识出电机轴端的转动惯量。提出算法进行整定及优化后,速度环控制器参数能使系统具有良好的动态响应和鲁棒性。     

Effects of Mg/PTFE pyrotechnic compositions on reignition characteristics of base bleed propellants and heating mechanism

The effects of magnesium/polytetrafluoroethylene (Mg/PTFE) pyrotechnic compositions on the coupled flow field and reignition mechanism are important aspects governing the performance and range of base bleed projectiles (BBPs).Owing to a decrease in pressure and temperature when the BBP leaves the muzzle,rapid depressurization occurs,which extinguishes the base bleed propellant.The Mg/PTFE py-rotechnic composition pressed in the igniter of the base bleed unit (BBU) provides additional energy to the BBU via a chemical reaction.Thus,the extinguished base bleed propellant is reignited under the effect of high-temperature combustion gas jets from the igniter.In this study,a numerical analysis is conducted to evaluate the effects of PTFE and Mg granularity as well as Mg/PTFE pyrotechnic compo-sitions.Owing to the rapid depressurization,the temperature and pressure was found to decrease for different Mg/PTFE pyrotechnic compositions.However,the depressurization time increased as the PTFE granularity increased,the Mg granularity decreased,and the Mg content increased.When the pressure in the combustion chamber of the BBU decreased to the atmospheric pressure,the combustion gas jets from the igniter expand upstream (rather than downstream).However,these combustion gas jets exhibit different axial and radial expansion characteristics depending on the pyrotechnic compositions used.The results show that the reignition delay time,td,of the base bleed propellant was 377.608,94.27,387.243,523.966,and 221.094 ms for cases A-E,respectively.Therefore,it was concluded that the Mg/PTFE pyrotechnic composition of case B was the most beneficial for the reignition of the base bleed propellant,with the earliest addition of energy and mass to the BBP.     

Numerical investigation of the failure mechanism of cubic concrete specimens in SHPB tests

Cylindrical specimens are commonly used in Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests to study the uniaxial dynamic properties of concrete-like materials.In recent years,true tri-axial SHPB equipment has also been developed or is under development to investigate the material dynamic properties under tri-axial impact loads.For such tests,cubic specimens are needed.It is well understood that static material strength obtained from cylinder and cube specimens are different.Conversion factors are obtained and adopted in some guidelines to convert the material strength obtained from the two types of specimens.Previous uniaxial impact tests have also demonstrated that the failure mode and the strain rate effect of cubic specimens are very different from that of cylindrical ones.However,the mechanical background of these findings is unclear.As an extension of the previous laboratory study,this study performs numerical SHPB tests of cubic and cylindrical concrete specimens subjected to uniaxial impact load with the validated numerical model.The stress states of cubic specimens in relation to its failure mode under different strain rates is analyzed and compared with cylindrical specimens.The detailed analyses of the numerical simulation results show that the lateral inertial confinement of the cylindrical specimen is higher than that of the cubic specimen under the same strain rates.For cubic specimen,the corners are more severely damaged because of the lower lateral confinement and the occurrence of the tensile radial stress which is not observed in cylindrical specimens.These results explain why the dynamic material strengths obtained from the two types of specimens are different and are strain rate dependent.Based on the simulation results,an empirical formula of conversion factor as a function of strain rate is proposed,which supplements the traditional conversion factor for quasi-static material strength.It can be used for transforming the dynamic compressive strength from cylinders to cubes obtained from impact tests at different strain rates.     

论环境侵权民事责任的构成要件

随着社会经济的发展,环境污染已成为一个不能回避的社会话题。国家要想在将来寻求长远的发展,必须在现有立法的基础上,进一步完善环境保护的法律机制,从而实现社会的和谐。从环境侵权民事责任构成要件角度出发,阐述了如何保护受害人的合法权益,如何在经济发展的同时从根本上正确处理人与自然环境之间的关系。     

系统目标毁伤效果指标建模方法探讨

探讨常规导弹打击目标类群中系统目标的毁伤效果指标的建模方法。在对毁伤效果指标、毁伤意图、目标易损性等概念进行深入分析基础上,提出基于目标功能易损性的系统目标毁伤效果指标建模的思想。根据系统目标功能受损情况,归纳出三类毁伤效果指标常用的建模方法:效能模型、失效模型及基于毁伤的保障度模型。举例说明了方法的有效性,可为导弹武器攻击效能评估、耗弹量计算和瞄准点选择等提供定量决策依据。     

PELE正侵穿金属薄靶轴向剩余速度近似计算与分析

运用冲击波理论,对横向效应增强型弹丸(Penetration with Enhanced Lateral Efficiency,PELE)侵穿金属靶板的机理进行了分析,将PELE侵彻过程中能量损失分为外壳和内芯撞击靶板区域环形塞块获得的能量,冲击波影响范围内外壳和内芯增加的内能,外壳前端外沿和内沿对靶板冲塞剪切耗能等,给出了确定这些能量的计算方法;并依据能量守恒原理,给出了PELE正撞金属薄靶板靶后剩余速度的近似计算公式。公式计算结果与多种条件下实验结果均吻合较好。分析计算所得各能量损失结果表明,弹体内芯材料的变化对弹体侵彻能力的影响较小;侵彻中靶板塞块获得的能量在弹体侵彻动能损失中比重最大;外壳前端内沿对靶板的剪切能耗对弹体动能损失的影响可以忽略。